#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(disable:4786)
#endif

#include <gp/eoParseTree.h>
#include <eo>

using namespace gp_parse_tree;
using namespace std;

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class SymregNode
{
public :

	enum Operator {X = 'x', Plus = '+', Min = '-', Mult = '*', PDiv = '/'};

	SymregNode() { init(); }
	SymregNode(Operator _op) { op = _op; }
	virtual ~SymregNode() {}

	// arity function, need this function!
	int arity() const { return op == X? 0 : 2; }

	void randomize() {}

	// evaluation function, single case, using first argument to give value of variable
	template <class Children>
	void operator()(double& result, Children args, double var) const
	{
	    double r1(0.), r2(0.);
	    if (arity() == 2)
	    {
		args[0].apply(r1, var);
		args[1].apply(r2, var);
	    }
	    switch (op)
	    {
	    case Plus : result = r1 + r2; break;
	    case Min  : result = r1 - r2; break;
	    case Mult : result = r1 * r2; break;
	    case PDiv : {
		if (r2 == 0.0)
		    // protection a la Koza, realistic implementations
		    // should maybe throw an exception
		    result = 1.0;
		else
		    result = r1 / r2;
		break;
	    }
	    case X    : result = var; break;
	    }
	}

    /// 'Pretty' print to ostream function
    template <class Children>
	void operator()(string& result, Children args) const
    {
	static const string lb = "(";
	static const string rb = ")";
	char opStr[4] = "   ";
	opStr[1] = op;

	    if (arity() == 0)
		{
	    result = "x";
	    return;
	}
	// else
	string r1;
	args[0].apply(r1);
	result = lb + r1;
	result += opStr;
	args[1].apply(r1);
	result += r1 + rb;
    }

    Operator getOp() const { return op; }

protected :

	void init() { op = X; }

private :

	Operator op; // the type of node
};

/// initializor
static SymregNode init_sequence[5] = {SymregNode::X, SymregNode::Plus, SymregNode::Min, SymregNode::Mult, SymregNode::PDiv}; // needed for intialization

// MSVC does not recognize the lt_arity<Node> in eoParseTreeDepthInit
// without this specialization ...
// 2 months later, it seems it does not accept this definition ...
// but dies accept the lt_arity<Node> in eoParseTreeDepthInit
// !!!
// #ifdef _MSC_VER
// template <>
// bool lt_arity(const SymregNode &node1, const SymregNode &node2)
// {
//		return (node1.arity() < node2.arity());
// }
// #endif

//-----------------------------------------------------------
// saving, loading

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const SymregNode& eot)
{
    os << static_cast<char>(eot.getOp());
    return os;
}

std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, SymregNode& eot)
{
    char type;
    type = (char) is.get();
    eot = SymregNode(static_cast<SymregNode::Operator>(type));
    return is;
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/** Implementation of a function evaluation object. */

double targetFunction(double x)
{
	return x * x * x * x - x * x * x + x * x * x - x * x + x - 10;
}

// parameters controlling the sampling of points
const double xbegin = -10.0f;
const double xend   = 10.0f;
const double xstep  = 1.3f;

template <class FType, class Node> struct RMS: public eoEvalFunc< eoParseTree<FType, Node> >
{
public :

    typedef eoParseTree<FType, Node> EoType;

    typedef eoParseTree<FType, Node> argument_type;
    typedef double                   fitness_type;

	RMS() : eoEvalFunc<EoType>()
	{
		int n = int( (xend - xbegin) / xstep);

		inputs.resize(n);
		target.resize(n);

		int i = 0;

    	for (double x = xbegin; x < xend && i < n; ++i, x+=xstep)
		{
			target[i] = targetFunction(x);
			inputs[i] = x;
		}
	}

    ~RMS() {}

	void operator()( EoType & _eo )
	{
		vector<double> outputs;
		outputs.resize(inputs.size());

	double fitness = 0.0;

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < inputs.size(); ++i)
	{
		    _eo.apply(outputs[i], inputs[i]);
		fitness += (outputs[i] - target[i]) * (outputs[i] - target[i]);
	}

	fitness /= (double) target.size();
	fitness = sqrt(fitness);

		if (fitness > 1e+20)
			fitness = 1e+20;

		_eo.fitness(fitness);
	}

private :
	vector<double> inputs;
	vector<double> target;
};

template <class EOT, class FitnessType>
void print_best(eoPop<EOT>& pop)
{
    std::cout << std::endl;
    FitnessType best = pop[0].fitness();
    int index = 0;

    for (unsigned i = 1; i < pop.size(); ++i)
    {
	if (best < pop[i].fitness())
	{
	    best = pop[i].fitness();
	    index = i;
	}
    }

    std::cout << "\t";

    string str;
    pop[index].apply(str);

    std::cout << str.c_str();
    std::cout << std::endl << "RMS Error = " << pop[index].fitness() << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    typedef eoMinimizingFitness FitnessType;
    typedef SymregNode GpNode;

    typedef eoParseTree<FitnessType, GpNode> EoType;
    typedef eoPop<EoType> Pop;

    const int MaxSize = 100;
    const int nGenerations = 10; // only a test, so few generations

    // Initializor sequence, contains the allowable nodes
    vector<GpNode> init(init_sequence, init_sequence + 5);

    // Depth Initializor, defaults to grow method.
    eoGpDepthInitializer<FitnessType, GpNode> initializer(10, init);

    // Root Mean Squared Error Measure
    RMS<FitnessType, GpNode>              eval;

    Pop pop(50, initializer);

    apply<EoType>(eval, pop);

    eoSubtreeXOver<FitnessType, GpNode>   xover(MaxSize);
    eoBranchMutation<FitnessType, GpNode> mutation(initializer, MaxSize);

    // The operators are  encapsulated into an eoTRansform object,
    // that performs sequentially crossover and mutation
    eoSGATransform<EoType> transform(xover, 0.75, mutation, 0.25);

    // The robust tournament selection
    eoDetTournamentSelect<EoType> selectOne(2);   // tSize in [2,POPSIZE]
    // is now encapsulated in a eoSelectMany: 2 at a time -> SteadyState
    eoSelectMany<EoType> select(selectOne,2, eo_is_an_integer);

    // and the Steady-State replacement
    eoSSGAWorseReplacement<EoType> replace;

    // Terminators
    eoGenContinue<EoType> term(nGenerations);

    eoCheckPoint<EoType> checkPoint(term);

    eoAverageStat<EoType>     avg;
    eoBestFitnessStat<EoType> best;
    eoStdoutMonitor monitor;

    checkPoint.add(monitor);
    checkPoint.add(avg);
    checkPoint.add(best);

    monitor.add(avg);
    monitor.add(best);

    // GP generation
    eoEasyEA<EoType> gp(checkPoint, eval, select, transform, replace);

    std::cout << "Initialization done" << std::endl;

    print_best<EoType, FitnessType>(pop);

    try
    {
      gp(pop);
    }
    catch (std::exception& e)
    {
	    std::cout << "exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;;
	    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    print_best<EoType, FitnessType>(pop);
}



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